Hubble Space Telescope Spots Triple-Star System in Taurus | Sci.News

HP Tau, a trio of dazzling stars some 550 light-years away in the constellation of Taurus, blaze brilliantly from the hollowed-out cavity of a reflection nebula in the new Hubble image. Image credit: NASA / ESA / G. Duchene, Universite de Grenoble I / Gladys Kober, NASA & Catholic University of America.

HP Tau is a triple-star system located approximately 550 light-years away in the constellation of Taurus.

Also known as EPIC 247592463, TIC 118521708 or IRAS 04328+2248, the system is made up of the variable star HP Tau, HP Tau G2, and HP Tau G3.

One of the stars, HP Tau, is known as a T Tauri star, a type of young variable star that hasn't begun nuclear fusion yet but is beginning to evolve into a hydrogen-fueled star similar to our Sun.

"T Tauri stars tend to be younger than 10 million years old — in comparison, our Sun is around 4.6 billion years old — and are often found still swaddled in the clouds of dust and gas from which they formed," the Hubble astronomers said.

"As with all variable stars, HP Tau's brightness changes over time."

"T Tauri stars are known to have both periodic and random fluctuations in brightness."

"The random variations may be due to the chaotic nature of a developing young star, such as instabilities in the accretion disk of dust and gas around the star, material from that disk falling onto the star and being consumed, and flares on the star's surface."

"The periodic changes may be due to giant sunspots rotating in and out of view."

"Curving around the stars, a cloud of gas and dust shines with their reflected light."

"Reflection nebulae do not emit visible light of their own, but shine as the light from nearby stars bounces off the gas and dust, like fog illuminated by the glow of a car's headlights."

Hubble studied the HP Tau system as part of an investigation into protoplanetary disks, the disks of material around stars that coalesce into planets over millions of years.